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Did Whole Foods Blunder by Pulling Krill Oil?

Submitted by James Townsend on Thu, 2010-05-27 13:45
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Krill oil sustainability should not be an issue

Here’s the latest wrinkle that is making Whole Foods Market’s controversial decision to remove the powerful omega-3 dietary supplement krill oil from its shelves over concerns about the fishery’s sustainability seem even more odd.

No less than the foremost certifier of marine fisheries’ sustainability in the world, the nonprofit Marine Stewardship Council, just announced that it was certifying one of the three major producers of krill oil. The company, Aker BioMarine of Norway, also received approval from the World Wildlife Foundation Norway for its harvesting practices.

Even Greenpeace, no slouch when it comes to being concerned about environmental issues, has backed the guidelines set by the Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), the 28-member-nation treaty organization that oversees management of the fishery, using the data compiled by CCAMLR scientists.

Krill oil is not only an important source of food for just about everything that swims and flies in the Antarctic. It is also a wonderful health resource for humans, containing omega-3s bonded to phospholipids, which makes them easy for the body to take in. It also contains astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant that is good for numerous functions in the body. Omega-3s, probably the most researched dietary supplement in history, are clearly so critical for so many aspects of human health that we’re going to need a lot for a long time.

But as the human demand for fish oil continues to skyrocket, new and viable sources for the needed omega-3s are going to be needed. Krill, being the largest biomass in the world, holds great promise for providing these needed nutrients.

A dissenting voice about krill fishery sustainability

Curiously, one organization, Antarctic Krill Conservation Project (AKCP), funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts, is protesting the decision. Gerald Leape, AKCP’s director, issued a statement, saying, “The MSC’s label falsely advertises the message that all krill are sustainably caught and that consuming krill-based omega-3 supplements or purchasing farmed salmon raised on krill meal is okay. Nothing could be further from the truth.”

Mr. Leape claims that the MSC “ignored irrefutable evidence put forward by numerous stakeholders including prominent Antarctic scientists, climate change and forage fishery experts and environmental groups,” that the fishery is not sustainable. WellWise.org has been unable to unearth such evidence. On the contrary, senior scientists who are key to advising CCAMLR about how to manage the fishery have reiterated that the krill fishery is among the best-managed fisheries in the world, among these Dr. Simeon Hill, a senior scientific officer of at the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) at Cambridge, England. BAS is one of the world's leading environmental research centers and is responsible for the UK's national scientific activities in Antarctica.

WellWise.org has requested the documentation from Leape and the AKCP upon which it bases its position. As yet, none has been offered. However, Dr. Hill told WellWise.org that he is the author on one of the key documents AKCP cites to support the case. "I would not agree that this document provides irrefutable evidence that the fishery is not sustainable, rather it contributes to the scientific basis for developing the fishery in a sustainable way," he said.

Krill Oil Sustainability Limit Set by CCAMLR

CCAMLR has set strict limits on the allowable catch of Antarctic krill – 3.47 million metric tons per year. Besides this, it has set a “precautionary” limit of 620,000 metric tons, only 18 percent of what was originally determined to be a safe, sustainable total harvest. The organization set this limit in the wake of uncertainties as to how climate change might affect the total biomass.

Secondly, even further safeguards have been put into place, mandating that when the catch reaches a “trigger level” of just 620,000 metric tons the fishery must close until the overall remaining catch is reallocated over smaller areas within Area 48, where most of the krill harvest is taking place.

Here’s the real clincher: The average annual catch level for the past 10 years is only 118,000 metric tons. This means that current catch levels are only about four percent of the allowable catch.

It appears it may be an uphill battle for Whole Foods to make a credible case against stocking krill oil on its shelves.

You can read more of James Townsend's blogs here.

James Townsend is the editor in chief at WellWise.org

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#1 Whole Foods, Whales, and the big Omega Coverup

Submitted by Anonymous on Sat, 2011-12-03 21:36.

First things first: I have known Dave Mackey for years, and I have called him out on his hypocrisy time and again. The decision to pull krill oil was purely economic. The bottom line is that they know the inverse ratio of feeding their salmon vs. selling supplements. They make more money selling salmon over the sales of supplements. WholeFoods uses an algorithm to determine cost v profit v their "holistic" mission statement to maintain sustainability and "healthy" shopping/product availability. Therefore, they know that feeding the fish and selling the supplements will break the algorithm's bank; so to speak. Bottom line for Dave, make money and smile for the camera. Second, I have several masters in Biology, Genetics, and Permaculture (sustainable agriculture and wildlife harvesting). I own several NGO's and chair several research groups. Having lived and worked over the globe, I have recently (8+ months) been working with a group that studies the migratory and feeding practices of mammals in the sectors where krill harvesting occurs. They are about to release imperical data showing increased stress on the migratory whales and other mammals in the sector. In layman's terms: stressed whales become sick whales and/or will not/cannot return to their harvesting grounds. Ie: they die. The harvesting of krill, while below the threshold, is causing erratic and stressful behavior in the whales. Third: The easiest, most sustainable, and most bio-absorbable form of essential high density cholesterol and omega fats is in hemp seeds. We, as humans, (top-o-the-world ma!) fail to recognize we have to make sacrifices in our lives to ensure the health, safety, and longevity of our planet (which will right itself long after the virus of humanity is gone or controlled). To make this growing rant short, we need to stop harvesting our oceans. Period. We say space or Mars or technology is the "final frontier", and yet we know less about our own oceans than we do about string theory. What we do know FOR A FACT: if our oceans die, EVERYTHING DIES. I boycott krill. I eat olive oil, garlic and hemp like it's going out of style. I do my best to stay healthy with sustainable foods, not harvested wildlife. Sadly, stupid, fat, greedy americans, gluttonous corporations, japanese whale harvesting, oil guzzling, krill killing HUMANS will probably learn the lesson too late; if at all... that it is an ecosystem unbalanced. And the earth will balance itself out. With or without us. Enjoy your temporary (and false) top of the food chain idiocy while you can. I hope all of you can hear the clock ticking.

  • reply

#2 krill sustainability

Submitted by Anonymous on Sat, 2011-12-03 23:50.

Great. I respect your opinion. But where do you get your omega 3 DHA and EPA from? Hemp? Surely not. Farm raised fish? Surely not. Do you prefer synthetic omega 3 phospholipids? Do you accept GMO DHA and EPA as a solution? Saying "no" to harvesting omega 3 is too easy of an answer.

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#3 green peace

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 2011-09-01 16:07.

I am not sure were you recieved your information about green peace being okay with CCMLAR's ruling but everything that I have read from them says the contrary I have submitted your article to them in hopes for some clarification I will reply with there comments.

  • reply

#4 Just found this blog and I am

Submitted by Anonymous on Sun, 2011-08-28 08:43.

Just found this blog and I am surprised.  When I asked a sales person at the Whole Foods store in Wellington, Fl they told me they pulled the products due to mercury contamination.

Strange!

Marie

  • reply

#5 Mercury contamination?

Submitted by Anonymous on Sun, 2011-08-28 10:30.

That is like the old telephone game in which each time the story gets told it changes a little. There is no mercury contamination issue with krill oil, period. 

  • reply

#6 New Study: Antarctic KRILL more ABUNDANT and STABLE

Submitted by Anonymous on Wed, 2010-08-04 19:35.

Antarctic KRILL more ABUNDANT and STABLE than was thought before.

This is the conclusion of an independent multi-year study in the shallow Antarctic waters. The results contradict the (unscientific) belief that krill harvest for human consumption (for KRILL OIL) is not sustainable. Specifically, such position was taken by Whole Foods.  The researchers say that their findings can positively impact the way the krill biomass is managed by the international krill management organization CCAMLR.

The researchers, Dr. Joseph Warren and Dr. David Demer, conducted acoustic tests from small boats near the shores north of Livingston Island, Antarctica. They did the surveys for many years in a row; from the year 2000 to 2007. The results were published in the July 2010 issue of the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.

Using smaller boats that allow access to shallow, nearshore waters, the two researchers from Stony Brook University and the Southwest Fisheries Science Center,  discovered that nearshore waters had significantly higher krill (Euphausia superba) biomass density than offshore waters. They also found that the nearshore waters had less variation between years than populations in offshore waters.

“Nearshore krill biomass is generally most accessible and attractive to land-breeding predators as well as to human fishers competing for this valuable resource,” said Dr. Warren.

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) can be up to 5 cm in length and are the primary food source for most of the marine mammals and seabirds in Antarctica. The University writes in their press release that the krill “are also commercially fished so it is important to ensure that human fishing activities do not negatively impact the native animals that rely on krill for energy for themselves and their offspring”.

The study is significant, because until now all estimates of the size of the krill biomass have been based on sampling by very large boats in offshore waters. The results from these offshore surveys have been projected onto the coastal waters. Warren and Demer examined the abundance within several miles offshore. Warren concludes that “although the spatial area of our nearshore survey is quite small when compared with that of the entire Scotia Sea, the high and stable densities of krill in shallow water may be more important ecologically than the offshore krill”.

  • reply

#7 whole foods

Submitted by Anonymous on Mon, 2010-07-19 18:47.

It is fishy that whole foods still has not commented on their decision about krill.  I see that they have farmed raised salmon which eats krill for the last few weeks of their lives.  Why are they not boycotting fish since fish has a bigger sustainability problem?

  • reply

#8 krill oil sustainability

Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 2011-08-12 05:32.

Whole Foods decisions to keep farm raised salmon untouched is HYPOCRITICAL.

Krill Oil sustainability fact 1: raw krill meal contains 8% omega 3 phospholipids (the raw material from which krill oil is made). It takes 2 lbs krill meal to make 365 krill oil capsules (500 mg with 200 mg phospholipids each).

Krill oil sustainability fact 2: It takes 2 lbs krill meal to produce 1/3 lbs of farm raised salmon. Can Whole Foods explain why it is in their mind sustainable to feed krill meal to their farm raised salmon and not sustainable for human krill oil supplements? I would think that the poor conversion of krill omega 3 to salmon omega 3 (6:1) is a terrible waste of the krill biomass.

Krill oil fact 3: Only 2% of all harvested krill is used to make krill oil.

Krill oil fact 4: It's now august 2011; 1.5 years later. The fact that Whole Foods has not give one sustainability justification for their decision is proof that it is merely a public relations scheme to make them look good for Green Peace and uninformed consumers. 

Krill oil fact 5: Anchovis, by far the main source for fish oil, is terribly overfished, and has passed its sustainable limits. Whales and penguins depend on anchovis when they migrate. Whole Foods makes their own 365 brand fish oil. What about that?

Krill Oil fact 6: Omega-3 supplementation (with EPA and DHA) is ESSENTIAL to prevent many diseases. Whole Foods, what comes ethically first: a boost to your corporate image based on fabrications, or your customers' health?

Joe53

  • reply

#9 Good question ...

Submitted by James Townsend on Tue, 2010-07-20 08:36.

Whole Foods has chosen not to respond to many queries about their decision. 

J. D. Townsend

  • reply

#10 Krill Oil

Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 2010-06-25 08:55.

As an avid Krill Oil user, I find this Whole Foods decision to vbe made in a rash manner, without proper research. They recently did the same thing with pulling Kombucha off the shelf. It seems they react first then try and figure it out later. Not the best practice for a major retailer.

  • reply

#11 Sounds a bit fishy ...

Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 2010-06-25 05:31.

There always is a line that needs to be drawn between protecting resources and using them responsibly, but it does seem these guys have drawn it far too conservatively.

Thanks for an informative piece.

  • reply

#12 Nice Article

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 2010-06-24 22:04.

I've always touted my position on the corporate food chain as "krill" - on step higher than plankton. Now I can rightly claim that without my biomass populating my allocated square footage the entire corporate ecosystem would collapse!

I'm taking Omega 3 produced from "Wild Pacific Salmon" (are there actually tame Pacific Salmon?). Seems to have taken care of those nasty fish-burps that seem to burble up an hour or so after consumption. Just wondering if the capsules (tablet form available?) have a similar fishy aftereffect - or not.

  • reply

#13 re. fishy burps

Submitted by Anonymous on Fri, 2010-06-25 08:59.

I take krill oil and never have any fishy burps. That's why I switched over!

  • reply

#14 bigger sustainability picture

Submitted by Anonymous on Mon, 2010-06-14 10:25.

The real issue in the Antarctic krill fishery is the risk of localized depletion. As you stated, almost all the effort in the Antarctic krill fishery takes place in one area (CCCAMLR area 48) and scientists are concerned that if market demand is increased catches could increase substantially in this area, leading to localized depletion of krill. The ecosystem effects of such depletions of a keystone species on marine mammal, birds, and krill-dependent species, coupled with effects from a changing Antarctic climate (timing and extent of sea ice melting, etc) are largely unknown and unaccounted for in CCAMLR's management approach.  There is also a very large amount of uncertainty in the biomass estimates of krill (the last region-wide survey was in 2000-2001).

It should also be noted that the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC) filed an official objection to MSC certification of Aker Biomarine krill. The notice of objection can be found here: http://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/in-assessment/southern-ocean/aker-biomarine-antarctic-krill/assessment-downloads

 

  • reply

#15 Sustainability picture. Yes, but ...

Submitted by James Townsend on Mon, 2010-06-14 14:39.

Thanks for your input.

CCAMLR has set the trigger levels very carefully, determined from historical records, which show no evidence of the krill fishery harming predators. There are restrictions on where the fishery can operate and how much of the “trigger level” it can catch in each area. Additionally, current annual catches are around 200,000 metric tons, a third of the “trigger level” or a mere 6 percent of the determined sustainable catch.This is erring far on the side of precaution.

These are some of the best ecology scientists in the world determining these things, and standing behind their decisions. Second guessing them seems a bit presumptuous to me.

  • reply

#16 what about

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 2011-09-01 16:13.

you state "there is no evidence of the krill fishery harming predators" what about the recent article in PNAS "Variability in krill biomass links harvesting and climate warming to penguin population changes in Antarctica"

  • reply

#17 Krill oil sustainability bigger picture

Submitted by Anonymous on Sun, 2011-09-04 22:46.

Quotes from the NY Times edition May 10, 2011:

"The warmer climate on the Antarctic Peninsula has also upended the food chain, killing off the phytoplankton that grow under ice floes and the krill, a staple of the penguin diet, that eat them, by as much as 80 percent, according to a new study published this month in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

But in the Ross Sea a reverse trend is occurring: Winter sea ice cover is growing, and Adelie populations are actually thriving. The Cape Royds colony grew more than 10 percent every year, until 2001, when an iceberg roughly the size of Jamaica calved off the Ross Sea ice shelf and forced residents to move 70 kilometers north to find open water. (The iceberg broke up in 2006, and the colony of 1,400 breeding pairs is now recovering robustly.) Across Ross Island, the Adelie colony at Cape Crozier -- one of the largest known, with an estimated 230,000 breeding pairs -- has increased by about 20 percent."

End Quote. Joe53

  • reply

#18 Interesting...

Submitted by Anonymous on Thu, 2010-06-10 11:41.

Makes me wonder what sort of agenda these Pew guys have. Maybe they just don't want any fishing anywhere.

  • reply

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